A documented replication of the ILO methodology (Delaporte, Escudero and Adamczyk 2025; Adamczyk et al. 2025) on a public corpus of 111,132 English-language job postings: LinkedIn job postings, United States, 2024 (Kaggle) (source, CC BY-SA 4.0). Code, dictionaries and this page: github.com/etorresram/ilo-green-dictionary-vacancies. Author: Eric Torres Ramírez.
Two corpora are available: United States (LinkedIn, Kaggle) and Malaysia (JobStreet, Hugging Face), an ASEAN member state with a six-month series. Same code, same dictionaries.
Read this first. Time coverage: one-month snapshot (April 2024). Vacancies come from one platform in one country and there are no applicants' profiles, so demand cannot be compared with supply. The skills variables use the selected keywords published in the ILO brief, not the full taxonomy. All figures illustrate the workflow; none is an estimate of a national labour market.
| step | n |
|---|---|
| raw rows | 123849 |
| after duplicate and empty-text removal | 111132 |
| with posted wage | 33801 |
| with ISIC section | 109647 |
Monthly share of vacancies with at least one green task and share of darker-green vacancies; hover for the number of postings per month. Tables t23 and t24 give the same by month and ISCO-08 major group.
Occupation coding coverage and ambiguity:
| metric | n | share |
|---|---|---|
| postings | 111132 | 1 |
| matched to O*NET-SOC (exact) | 39762 | 0.358 |
| matched (exact after stripping modifiers) | 11648 | 0.105 |
| matched (fuzzy >= 90, same head noun) | 5277 | 0.047 |
| matched (keyword rule, lowest confidence) | 35946 | 0.323 |
| with an ISCO-08 code | 91929 | 0.827 |
| with more than one admissible ISCO-08 code | 33495 | 0.301 |
Sensitivity of the occupational profile to the assignment rule for titles with more than one admissible ISCO-08 code (main rule vs alternative rule):
| isco08_major_label | n | green_share | green_share_alt_rule | abs_diff_pp |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plant and Machine Operators, and Assemblers | 2072 | 0.297 | 0.276 | 2 |
| Craft and Related Trades Workers | 3139 | 0.261 | 0.226 | 4 |
| Elementary Occupations | 2702 | 0.206 | 0.211 | 0.420 |
| Managers | 18431 | 0.153 | 0.157 | 0.340 |
| Professionals | 36159 | 0.123 | 0.123 | 0.060 |
| Technicians and Associate Professionals | 17390 | 0.122 | 0.118 | 0.410 |
| Clerical Support Workers | 6209 | 0.101 | 0.097 | 0.440 |
| Service and Sales Workers | 5759 | 0.077 | 0.081 | 0.410 |
| shade | n | share |
|---|---|---|
| non-green | 96055 | 0.864 |
| lighter green | 10289 | 0.093 |
| darker green | 4788 | 0.043 |
Posted annual wages (USD, 33,801 vacancies with a salary field, midpoint of the posted range, annualised). Nominal values; over a period of a few months deflation changes nothing material, and the code has a hook for a CPI deflator when the series is longer.
| green_shade | n | median_wage | mean_wage | p25 | p75 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| non-green | 29,383 | 82,500 | 97,066 | 52,494 | 125,000 |
| lighter green | 2,959 | 85,000 | 95,809 | 55,000 | 125,000 |
| darker green | 1,459 | 81,000 | 91,519 | 53,633 | 115,000 |
Expressions over-represented in green vacancies relative to non-green vacancies of the same ISCO-08 sub-major group, excluding terms already in the ILO dictionaries. A starting point for a national green skills taxonomy, to be reviewed by experts.
| ISCO-08 sub-major group | Top candidate expressions (over-represented in green vacancies) |
|---|---|
| Administrative and Commercial Managers | energy industry, civil engineering, professional engineer, professional engineering, engineering project, mechanical engineering, project site, capital project, energy market, engineer project |
| Business and Administration Associate Professionals | partnership help, value visit, energy solution, solution sale, individual drive, create future, impact join, market span, tech savvy, strategic partnership |
| Business and Administration Professionals | energy industry, statement special, instruction complete, manufacturing plant, consider date print, order consider date, consider date, interview question regard, employer state california, place applicant |
| Chief Executives, Senior Officials and Legislators | executive leadership, report directly, financial reporting, director operation, strategic planning, executive director, chief financial |
| Drivers and Mobile Plant Operators | trip post, trip post trip, pre trip post, tanker endorsement, working order report, post trip inspection, pre- post trip, operate vehicle accordance, inspection report, dot department transportation |
| Electrical and Electronics Trades Workers | acceptable driving, technician deliver, field technician, equipment ppe, repair replace, air conditioning, heavy equipment, troubleshooting repair, maintenance activity, pneumatic hydraulic |
| Health Associate Professionals | patient person, pandologic keyword, therapist assistant pta, pta physical, key information, matter come, therapy assistant cota, occupational therapist assistant, assistant cota, assistant pta |
| Health Professionals | learn need, matter come, difference matter come, law protection, law protection extend, decision view, local law protection, today ochsner, matter come difference, innovate believe |
| Information and Communications Technology Professionals | energy industry, mechanical engineering, electrical engineering, storage system, low geographic market, low geographic, hardware software, data collection, system engineering, implement software |
| Labourers in Mining, Construction, Manufacturing and Transport | erp system, general laborer, material handler, shipping receive, warehouse operation, load unload |
| Legal, Social and Cultural Professionals | land use, senior director, multi disciplinary, general counsel, field equivalent, report directly, senior leadership, outside counsel, strategic planning, legal advice |
| Metal, Machinery and Related Trades Workers | inc nyse, air compressor, schematic diagram, quality system, component use, equipment operate, method technique, mechanical system, complete preventative maintenance, effectively communicate verbally |
| Numerical and Material Recording Clerks | purchase order |
| Other Clerical Support Workers | member deliver, department need, bend climbing, lifting heavy, need regular, design implement, technical assistance, root cause, corrective action, fresh clean club |
| Production and Specialized Services Managers | plant operation, project site, cost manage, technical field, safety culture, maintenance activity, professional engineer, preventive maintenance, engineering construction, quality control |
| Refuse Workers and Other Elementary Workers | electrical hvac, equipment reliability, maintenance engineer, preventive predictive, maintenance reliability, maintenance activity, corrective maintenance, preventive maintenance, corrective action, root cause |
| Sales Workers | act brand, use step, ladder use, climb ladder use, item mannequin, ladder use step, item mannequin clothing, motion push, repetitive motion push, engage repetitive |
| Science and Engineering Associate Professionals | treatment plant, mechanical equipment, engineering construction, mechanical hydraulic, engineering technology, material testing, energy industry, mechanical electrical, inspection report, hydraulic electrical |
| Science and Engineering Professionals | professional engineer, civil engineering, civil engineer, cost estimate, budget schedule, construction project, autocad civil, code standard, project site, emergency response |
| Stationary Plant and Machine Operators | housekeep aide, housekeeping aide, housekeeping activity, dispose trash, procedure clean, equipment use, waste material, action secure, special handling accordance, housekeeping supply |
Context check of the most frequent green terms (share of sampled occurrences used in a green sense; terms below 75% are handled through the exception list):
| term | n_snippets_coded | n_green_sense | precision | decision |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| regenerative | 8 | 0 | 0.000 | drop bare term: regenerative medicine |
| greenfield | 12 | 0 | 0.000 | drop: greenfield sites/accounts/projects in IT, sales and construction; place name |
| six sigma | 12 | 0 | 0.000 | drop: process-improvement certification, no environmental sense in this corpus |
| lean manufacturing | 12 | 0 | 0.000 | drop: process-improvement method, no environmental sense in this corpus |
| ecosystem | 20 | 1 | 0.050 | drop: software, business and finance 'ecosystem' |
| fire protection | 12 | 1 | 0.080 | drop: building fire-protection systems; wildfire sense only in CAL FIRE |
| contaminate | 12 | 1 | 0.080 | drop: clinical 'contaminated instruments/supplies' |
| forest | 12 | 1 | 0.080 | drop bare term: random forests, place names (Wake Forest, Oak Forest); 'forestry', 'foresters' stay |
| organic | 20 | 4 | 0.200 | drop bare term: organic growth, organic search, organic chemistry; 'organic farming' stays |
| bike | 12 | 3 | 0.250 | drop: commuting amenities and lifestyle text; 'bicycle' stays |
| remediation | 20 | 6 | 0.300 | drop bare term: IT-security and audit remediation; 'environmental remediation' and 'ground water remediation' stay as separate terms |
| reuse | 12 | 4 | 0.330 | drop bare term: code reuse, IP reuse, adaptive reuse of buildings |
| water management | 8 | 3 | 0.380 | keep; context rule for foundation-repair companies |
| sustainable | 20 | 10 | 0.500 | keep; context rules for business-jargon senses |
| waste reduction | 8 | 4 | 0.500 | keep; context rules for lean/cost senses |
| pv | 8 | 5 | 0.620 | keep; context rule for pharmacovigilance |
| environmental | 20 | 14 | 0.700 | keep; context rules for physical-demands and hospital senses |
| insulation | 12 | 9 | 0.750 | keep |
| sustainability | 20 | 15 | 0.750 | keep |
| solar | 8 | 6 | 0.750 | keep |
| natural environment | 8 | 6 | 0.750 | keep; context rule for 'natural environment training' (behavioural therapy) |
| natural resource | 12 | 10 | 0.830 | keep |
| habitat | 12 | 11 | 0.920 | keep |
| pollution | 12 | 11 | 0.920 | keep |
| paperless | 12 | 12 | 1 | keep (paperless office is the dictionary sense) |
| energy management | 8 | 8 | 1 | keep |
| smart home | 8 | 8 | 1 | keep (dictionary sense) |
| ecology | 8 | 8 | 1 | keep |
| ecological | 8 | 8 | 1 | keep |
| energy saving | 8 | 8 | 1 | keep |
| wildlife | 8 | 8 | 1 | keep |
| recyclable | 8 | 8 | 1 | keep |
| esg | 12 | 12 | 1 | keep |
| landfill gas | 8 | 8 | 1 | keep (all from one company's boilerplate; see boilerplate sensitivity) |
| lithium | 8 | 8 | 1 | keep |
| hazmat | 12 | 12 | 1 | keep |
| durability | 12 | 12 | 1 | keep (dictionary sense) |
| solid waste | 8 | 8 | 1 | keep |
Boilerplate sensitivity: company text repeated across many postings can inflate green matches. Results with repeated sentences removed:
| indicator | ilo_method | without_boilerplate |
|---|---|---|
| green vacancies (share of all) | 0.136 | 0.119 |
| darker green vacancies (share of all) | 0.043 | 0.038 |
| green postings containing at least one boilerplate sentence | NaN | 0.567 |
| green postings that stop being green without boilerplate | NaN | 0.119 |
| boilerplate sentences identified (>= 20 postings) | NaN | 10,102 |
Clone the repository, download the vacancy dataset into data/, install requirements.txt and run the numbered scripts in src/ in order. Every intermediate file, threshold and rule is set in config.yaml; the README is written as an implementation guide for a national institution.